It involves the application of a chemical solution to the skin, which causes controlled exfoliation and shedding of the outer layers of the skin.

There are different types of chemical peels available, and they are classified based on their depth of penetration into the skin:

1. Superficial Peels: These peels target the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis) and are often used to improve skin texture, tone, and mild discolorations. They usually utilize mild acids such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic acid or beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) like salicylic acid.

2. Medium Peels: These peels penetrate the epidermis and reach the upper layers of the dermis. They are effective in treating more extensive skin damage, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and moderate discolorations. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common chemical used for medium peels.

3. Deep Peels: Deep peels penetrate the deeper layers of the dermis to address severe skin issues like deep wrinkles, scars, and pronounced pigmentation irregularities. Phenol is the chemical typically used for deep peels.

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Cleansing: The skin is thoroughly cleansed to remove any dirt, makeup, or oils.

2. Application: The chemical solution is carefully applied to the target area using a brush or cotton applicator.

3. Time: The solution is left on the skin for a specific duration, depending on the type and depth of the peel.

4. Neutralization: For medium and deep peels, the dermatologist may apply a neutralizing solution to stop the peeling process.

5. Post-treatment care: After the peel, the skin may be red, sensitive, and may eventually start peeling. Proper post-treatment care is essential to promote healing and minimize complications.